Draganflyer X6 is an advanced helicopter that can be operated remotely without any pilot. It is designed mainly to carry wireless video cameras and still cameras. The Draganflyer X6 helicopter can be operated very easily with its hand held controller.
The Draganflyer X6 helicopter is based on a unique 6-rotor design that has been under development since early 2006. It uses 11 sensors and thousands of lines of code to self-stabilize during flight which makes it easier to fly than any other helicopter in its class. The on-board software of Draganflyer X6 is developed after extensive testing and development. Draganflyer X6 helicopter is a revolution in the field of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
It can be used very efficiently for various applications and it is ideal for spying on the enemy in a safe and reliable manner.
MAJOR FIELDS OF APPLICATIONS
The new Draganflyer X6 can be used in various field such as Industrial Constructions, Government Applications and Educational needs.
1)Industrial Use:
Draganflyer X6 can be used very efficiently in Bridge Constructions, Building Construction, Pipeline / Hydro-Transmission Line Inspection, Road Construction. With the help of this aircraft you can get videos and images of any site from various angels.
Equipped with a high resolution still camera (with remote zoom, shutter control and tilt) it can capture great images. And its high definition video recorder can record videos very efficiently. It has a range of 500 meters and have a flight time of 20 to 30 minutes.
It is designed specifically with easy controlling system for ease of use it. So, it is easy to fly, needs very minimal training, and provides an extremely stable aerial platform from where you can get photographs and video. It's small size and portability makes it suitable to carry it to any construction site and have it ready to fly in minutes.
2)Government Applications:
Draganflyer X6 can be used in many government applications such as Law Enforcement, Fire, Emergency Measures, Wildlife Management, Environment and Transportation. You can use this advanced machine for Disaster Response, Conservation Enforcement, Crime Scene Investigation, Crowd Control, Explosive Disposal Unit, Search and Rescue Missions, Traffic Congestion Control, Criminal Intelligence Applications, Fire Damage Assessment, Fire Scene Management any many more.
3)Educational Applications:
Draganflyer X6 is very useful in educational applications such as Advanced RC Flight Research, Aerial Archeology, Environmental Assessment, and Geological Exploration.
FEATURES AT A GLANCE:
Draganflyer X6 is unique in many terms. It has some very advanced features that make it different and more efficient then other remote controlled helicopters. Some of these features are:
1)Six Rotor Co-Axial Configuration
2)GPS Facility
3)Carbon Fiber Folding Frame
4)Handheld Flight Controller
5)Advanced Power System
6)High Damage Tolerance
7)Specially manufactured Cases
8)Engineered for Safety
9)Electronic Flight Stability
10)Telemetry Software
11)Wireless Video System
12)Anti-Vibration Camera Mount
13)HD Digital Video Camera
14)Low Light Camera
15)Thermal Infrared Camera
These various features of Draganflyer X6 makes it very useful and efficient in its work.
My Self . . .
- Prem...
- India
- Im Simple..I love makin frnds nd believe deeply in frndship nd love nd all the gud things...i want to make this world more b'ful..bt dnt knw how ?...
Saturday, July 09, 2011
Most Advanced Microscope of World
Canadian center for Electron Microscopy has developed a new powerful microscope that is world's most powerful microscope till date. According to Gianluigi Botton, Director of Canadian center for Electron Microscopy, says that the power of this microscope can be thought as equivalent to "taking Hubble Telescope and aiming it at atomic level"
Titan 80-300 Cubed
This powerful microscope named Titan 80-300 Cubed was installed at the University early in the summer, and since then it has been put through its paces to achieve unprecedented resolution.
This microscope is so powerful that it can easily identify atoms, measure their chemical state and even probe the electrons that bind them together.
According to vice-president of Mc Master, Mr. Elbestawi this microscope will make McMaster a hub for a fast growing field.
Really Impressive Microscope
A group of international scientists who visited McMaster were really impressed by the amazing capabilities of this microscope. This microscope can help scientist to discover new things in biological and physical sciencesDean of Engineering David Wilkinson sees the microscope through another lens.
Titan
Titan's ability can probe structure of solid materials to the atomic level and this will have an amazing impact on development and commercialization of new technologies from biomedical devices to water quality monitoring and improved energy storage systems.
Titan
Cost of Microscope
This microscope has been build in Netherlands by FEI Company with a cost of about $15 million. This microscope can help to examine everyday products with its Nano details that can improve the efficiency of these products.
What This Microscope Can Do?
This microscope can be used to produce more efficient lighting and better solar cells, to study proteins and drug-delivery materials to target cancers. It will assess atmospheric particulates, and help create lighter and stronger automotive materials, more effective cosmetics, and higher density memory storage for faster electronic and telecommunication devices.
Funding
Funding for the microscope instrumentation was provided by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Innovation Trust, the Ministry of Research and Innovation of Ontario and the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, through a partnership with FEI and McMaster University.
Titan 80-300 Cubed
This powerful microscope named Titan 80-300 Cubed was installed at the University early in the summer, and since then it has been put through its paces to achieve unprecedented resolution.
This microscope is so powerful that it can easily identify atoms, measure their chemical state and even probe the electrons that bind them together.
According to vice-president of Mc Master, Mr. Elbestawi this microscope will make McMaster a hub for a fast growing field.
Really Impressive Microscope
A group of international scientists who visited McMaster were really impressed by the amazing capabilities of this microscope. This microscope can help scientist to discover new things in biological and physical sciencesDean of Engineering David Wilkinson sees the microscope through another lens.
Titan
Titan's ability can probe structure of solid materials to the atomic level and this will have an amazing impact on development and commercialization of new technologies from biomedical devices to water quality monitoring and improved energy storage systems.
Titan
Cost of Microscope
This microscope has been build in Netherlands by FEI Company with a cost of about $15 million. This microscope can help to examine everyday products with its Nano details that can improve the efficiency of these products.
What This Microscope Can Do?
This microscope can be used to produce more efficient lighting and better solar cells, to study proteins and drug-delivery materials to target cancers. It will assess atmospheric particulates, and help create lighter and stronger automotive materials, more effective cosmetics, and higher density memory storage for faster electronic and telecommunication devices.
Funding
Funding for the microscope instrumentation was provided by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Innovation Trust, the Ministry of Research and Innovation of Ontario and the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, through a partnership with FEI and McMaster University.
Chandrayaan - I: Proud for India
India's first mission to the Moon: Chandrayaan-1 , was successfully launched the morning of October 22 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR) in Sriharikota, India.
The spacecraft was launched into the orbit of earth by PSLV-C11 which is an upgraded version of the Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO's) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. The launch took place at 02:52 Central European Summer Time.
With this launch Chandrayaan-1 started its journey to the Moon, which will culminate with a major manoeuvre - the lunar orbit insertion - in about two weeks. Once the spacecraft is orbiting the Moon, further manoeuvres will progressively lower its altitude to the final 100 km-high circular orbit.
Mission of Chandrayaan-1
This spacecraft will eject the 'Moon Impact Probe' to provide information about the lunar surface. After that mission will be continued from orbit. The spacecraft is equipped with 11 scientific instruments for lunar surface study. Three of these 11 instruments were provided by Europe (UK, Germany, Sweden) through ESA.
The European instruments are:
The Chandrayaan-1 Imaging X-Ray Spectrometer (C1XS) for measuring abundance of magnesium, aluminium, silicon, iron and titanium over the surface of the Moon.
The Smart Near-Infrared Spectrometer (SIR-2) to explore the mineral resources of the Moon, the formation of its surface features and the different layers of the Moon's crust.
The Sub-kiloelectronvolt Atom Reflecting Analyser (SARA) to study the way the Moon's surface interacts with the solar wind, and the surface's magnetic anomalies.
Chandrayaan
Collaboration of India and Europe
Indo-European collaboration on space ventures is 30 years old when ESA and ISRO signed a cooperation agreement in 1978. In 1981, an Ariane 1 launcher carried India's first geostationary satellite, Apple. So far, 13 of India's INSAT satellites have flown on Europe's Arianes.
Now with Chandrayaan-1 which is ISRO's first mission beyond Earth orbit, marks the beginning of a new era of collaboration between ESA and ISRO in space science.
According to Prof. David Southwood, ESA Director of Science and Robotic Exploration: "In an era of renewed interest for the Moon on a world-wide scale, the ESA-ISRO collaboration on Chandrayaan-1 is a new opportunity for Europe to expand its competence in lunar science while tightening the long-standing relationship with India - an ever stronger space power".
This mission is a big success not only for ISRO but for whole India. This mission is a milestone in India's space missions and now India is among those very few countries that have launched lunar missions in past.
The spacecraft was launched into the orbit of earth by PSLV-C11 which is an upgraded version of the Indian Space Research Organization's (ISRO's) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle. The launch took place at 02:52 Central European Summer Time.
With this launch Chandrayaan-1 started its journey to the Moon, which will culminate with a major manoeuvre - the lunar orbit insertion - in about two weeks. Once the spacecraft is orbiting the Moon, further manoeuvres will progressively lower its altitude to the final 100 km-high circular orbit.
Mission of Chandrayaan-1
This spacecraft will eject the 'Moon Impact Probe' to provide information about the lunar surface. After that mission will be continued from orbit. The spacecraft is equipped with 11 scientific instruments for lunar surface study. Three of these 11 instruments were provided by Europe (UK, Germany, Sweden) through ESA.
The European instruments are:
The Chandrayaan-1 Imaging X-Ray Spectrometer (C1XS) for measuring abundance of magnesium, aluminium, silicon, iron and titanium over the surface of the Moon.
The Smart Near-Infrared Spectrometer (SIR-2) to explore the mineral resources of the Moon, the formation of its surface features and the different layers of the Moon's crust.
The Sub-kiloelectronvolt Atom Reflecting Analyser (SARA) to study the way the Moon's surface interacts with the solar wind, and the surface's magnetic anomalies.
Chandrayaan
Collaboration of India and Europe
Indo-European collaboration on space ventures is 30 years old when ESA and ISRO signed a cooperation agreement in 1978. In 1981, an Ariane 1 launcher carried India's first geostationary satellite, Apple. So far, 13 of India's INSAT satellites have flown on Europe's Arianes.
Now with Chandrayaan-1 which is ISRO's first mission beyond Earth orbit, marks the beginning of a new era of collaboration between ESA and ISRO in space science.
According to Prof. David Southwood, ESA Director of Science and Robotic Exploration: "In an era of renewed interest for the Moon on a world-wide scale, the ESA-ISRO collaboration on Chandrayaan-1 is a new opportunity for Europe to expand its competence in lunar science while tightening the long-standing relationship with India - an ever stronger space power".
This mission is a big success not only for ISRO but for whole India. This mission is a milestone in India's space missions and now India is among those very few countries that have launched lunar missions in past.
Lunar Lenders becomes more Intelligent
Advanced Lunar Lenders now will be able to automatically identify and navigate to a safe landing location, while detecting hazards in landing during final descent to surface. NASA is developing an advanced technology for lunar lenders that made them capable to land safely near resources located in potentially hazardous area.
Critical Sensor Technology
NASA's Langely Research Center has developed two critical sensor technologies. One is a three-dimensional active imaging device that measures topography of a landing area. The second device measures speed to help land precisely at the chosen site.
Langely Research Center has designed two special purpose light detection and ranging sensors to make these two devices. In addition to this Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA is developing certain algorithms to analyze the terrain based upon these lidar measurements.
These technologies have been integrated as part of Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project of NASA. These technologies are in the phase of demonstration and testing in a series of flight tests.
Bob Reisse
Bob Reisse is leading the team at Langley Research Center which is designing the lidar sensors and supporting the demonstration flight tests.
They have conducted two demonstration flights and Reisse says, "We were pleased that the two flight tests we've conducted so far have resulted in better than expected performance of these sensors."
Two Phases Of Demonstration Flights
First test that was carried out in May, was to The main objective of the first test, carried out in May, was to demonstrate the application of 3-D imaging technology or 'flash' lidar, for topography mapping and precision navigation.
Second demonstration in August was to of flight tests, completed in August, was to evaluate the capabilities of an emerging lidar technology developed at Langley. This lidar provides vehicle velocity vector, altitude and attitude with a very high degree of precision.
Lunar Lenders
Demonstration Test Procedures
In the recent demonstration test the velocimeter was carried aloft at Dryden Flight Research Center of NASA via helicopter which flew a total of six flights at various altitudes between targeted reference points.
During the demonstration tests, the helicopter flew over two target areas three miles (5 km) apart on the surface of Rogers Dry Lake. Repeated back-and-forth tracks were flown at altitudes incrementally increasing from about 300 feet to 6,200 feet (91m to 1,890m) above the lake bed while the lidar measured the relative speed, altitude, and attitude of the helicopter. Plywood circles placed on the lakebed served as reference targets for determining the ground "truth" measurements. The data was recorded on board and tagged with time and altitude information to allow post-flight processing.
Lidar Technology
Lidar Technology is much more advanced than today's systems for planetary navigating tasks. Preliminary tests shows that this technology is about 10 times more powerful than conventional radar-based sensors that were used in Phoenix Mars Lenders, in accuracy of velocity readings and rate of updates.
This precision range and directional velocity data are critical in navigating lunar landing vehicles to the pre-selected site and achieving autonomous, safe soft-landing.
Future of Lunar Lenders
This new technology has a potential for or aiding crew exploration vehicle rendezvous and docking, and Earth reentry landing systems. This can highly impact the design of future lunar and other planetary landing missions.
Critical Sensor Technology
NASA's Langely Research Center has developed two critical sensor technologies. One is a three-dimensional active imaging device that measures topography of a landing area. The second device measures speed to help land precisely at the chosen site.
Langely Research Center has designed two special purpose light detection and ranging sensors to make these two devices. In addition to this Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA is developing certain algorithms to analyze the terrain based upon these lidar measurements.
These technologies have been integrated as part of Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) project of NASA. These technologies are in the phase of demonstration and testing in a series of flight tests.
Bob Reisse
Bob Reisse is leading the team at Langley Research Center which is designing the lidar sensors and supporting the demonstration flight tests.
They have conducted two demonstration flights and Reisse says, "We were pleased that the two flight tests we've conducted so far have resulted in better than expected performance of these sensors."
Two Phases Of Demonstration Flights
First test that was carried out in May, was to The main objective of the first test, carried out in May, was to demonstrate the application of 3-D imaging technology or 'flash' lidar, for topography mapping and precision navigation.
Second demonstration in August was to of flight tests, completed in August, was to evaluate the capabilities of an emerging lidar technology developed at Langley. This lidar provides vehicle velocity vector, altitude and attitude with a very high degree of precision.
Lunar Lenders
Demonstration Test Procedures
In the recent demonstration test the velocimeter was carried aloft at Dryden Flight Research Center of NASA via helicopter which flew a total of six flights at various altitudes between targeted reference points.
During the demonstration tests, the helicopter flew over two target areas three miles (5 km) apart on the surface of Rogers Dry Lake. Repeated back-and-forth tracks were flown at altitudes incrementally increasing from about 300 feet to 6,200 feet (91m to 1,890m) above the lake bed while the lidar measured the relative speed, altitude, and attitude of the helicopter. Plywood circles placed on the lakebed served as reference targets for determining the ground "truth" measurements. The data was recorded on board and tagged with time and altitude information to allow post-flight processing.
Lidar Technology
Lidar Technology is much more advanced than today's systems for planetary navigating tasks. Preliminary tests shows that this technology is about 10 times more powerful than conventional radar-based sensors that were used in Phoenix Mars Lenders, in accuracy of velocity readings and rate of updates.
This precision range and directional velocity data are critical in navigating lunar landing vehicles to the pre-selected site and achieving autonomous, safe soft-landing.
Future of Lunar Lenders
This new technology has a potential for or aiding crew exploration vehicle rendezvous and docking, and Earth reentry landing systems. This can highly impact the design of future lunar and other planetary landing missions.
Magnetic Field in a Distant Galaxy
A team of astronomers in California have detected magnetic field of a galaxy in far universe. These astronomers are studying the early universe by a powerful radio telescope. This measurement of magnetic field is as it was 6.5 billion years ago.
Prior Believes
Astronomers believe that magnetic fields within our own Milky Way and other galaxies near milky way, control the rate of star formation and the dynamics of interstellar gas. This magnetic field arose from a slow Dynamo Effect. This magnetic field in these galaxies grew very gradually as they evolved over 5 billion to 10 billion years to their current levels.
But now astronomers have reported that the magnetic field that they have measured in a distant Protogalaxy is at least 10 times greater than average value of Milky Way. This report has been published in October issue of Nature.
According to Arthur Wolfe (Professor of Physics at UC San Diego's Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences and head of the team), this research is a Complete Surprise. The magnetic field measured is at least an order of magnitude larger than the average value of the magnetic field detected in our own galaxy.
Powerful Radio Telescope and Useful Results
Astronomers used world's largest fully steerable radio telescope for their study known as Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope located in Green Bank, West Virginia. This grand telescope is operated by National Radio Astronomy Observatory of National Science Foundation.
They studied DLA-3C286 protogalaxy located in a region of northern sky.
Magnetic Field outside our galaxy is very less know formerly. Prior to this study astronomers have measured magnetic field of only one nearby galaxy but that field was very weak.
A team of Swiss and American astronomers in July 17 issue of Nature magazine reported that they have found that magnetic field of about 20 distant galaxies were as when the universe was only a third of its current age as they are in the mature galaxies today. This study was done by using bright light from quasars.
Wolfe said those indirect measurements and his team's latest direct measurement of a distant galaxy's magnetic field "do not necessarily cast doubt on the leading theory of magnetic field generation, the mean-field-dynamo model, which predicts that the magnetic field strengths should be much weaker in galaxies in the cosmological past."
Challenge to Dynamo Model
These results have put a challenge before Dynamo Model.
According to Arthur Wolfe "Rather the strong field that we detect is in gas with little if no star formation, and an interesting implication is that the presence of the magnetic fields is an important reason why star formation is very weak in these types of protogalaxies."
Other Plausible Explanations
According to Wolfe their team has two other plausible explanations for their observations.
1) It may be possible that they are seeing a field toward the central regions of a massive galaxy, since magnetic fields are known to be larger towards the centers of nearby galaxies.
2) It is also possible that the field they have detected has been amplified by a shock wave generated by the collision between two galaxies.
But in either case it has been proved that magnetic fields may be important factors in the evolution of galaxies or we can also say that it is responsible for the low star formation rates detected throughout the gaseous progenitors of young galaxies in the early universe.
The Next Challenge
The next challenge in words of J. Xavier Prochaska, a team member and professor of astronomy at US Santa Cruz, is to observe galaxies throughout the universe.
Major Contributions in Research
Other team members included Regina Jorgenson (UCSD graduate student in physics); Carl Heiles (professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley); Timothy Robishaw (graduate student at Berkeley). This research was funded by National Science Foundation.
Prior Believes
Astronomers believe that magnetic fields within our own Milky Way and other galaxies near milky way, control the rate of star formation and the dynamics of interstellar gas. This magnetic field arose from a slow Dynamo Effect. This magnetic field in these galaxies grew very gradually as they evolved over 5 billion to 10 billion years to their current levels.
But now astronomers have reported that the magnetic field that they have measured in a distant Protogalaxy is at least 10 times greater than average value of Milky Way. This report has been published in October issue of Nature.
According to Arthur Wolfe (Professor of Physics at UC San Diego's Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences and head of the team), this research is a Complete Surprise. The magnetic field measured is at least an order of magnitude larger than the average value of the magnetic field detected in our own galaxy.
Powerful Radio Telescope and Useful Results
Astronomers used world's largest fully steerable radio telescope for their study known as Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope located in Green Bank, West Virginia. This grand telescope is operated by National Radio Astronomy Observatory of National Science Foundation.
They studied DLA-3C286 protogalaxy located in a region of northern sky.
Magnetic Field outside our galaxy is very less know formerly. Prior to this study astronomers have measured magnetic field of only one nearby galaxy but that field was very weak.
A team of Swiss and American astronomers in July 17 issue of Nature magazine reported that they have found that magnetic field of about 20 distant galaxies were as when the universe was only a third of its current age as they are in the mature galaxies today. This study was done by using bright light from quasars.
Wolfe said those indirect measurements and his team's latest direct measurement of a distant galaxy's magnetic field "do not necessarily cast doubt on the leading theory of magnetic field generation, the mean-field-dynamo model, which predicts that the magnetic field strengths should be much weaker in galaxies in the cosmological past."
Challenge to Dynamo Model
These results have put a challenge before Dynamo Model.
According to Arthur Wolfe "Rather the strong field that we detect is in gas with little if no star formation, and an interesting implication is that the presence of the magnetic fields is an important reason why star formation is very weak in these types of protogalaxies."
Other Plausible Explanations
According to Wolfe their team has two other plausible explanations for their observations.
1) It may be possible that they are seeing a field toward the central regions of a massive galaxy, since magnetic fields are known to be larger towards the centers of nearby galaxies.
2) It is also possible that the field they have detected has been amplified by a shock wave generated by the collision between two galaxies.
But in either case it has been proved that magnetic fields may be important factors in the evolution of galaxies or we can also say that it is responsible for the low star formation rates detected throughout the gaseous progenitors of young galaxies in the early universe.
The Next Challenge
The next challenge in words of J. Xavier Prochaska, a team member and professor of astronomy at US Santa Cruz, is to observe galaxies throughout the universe.
Major Contributions in Research
Other team members included Regina Jorgenson (UCSD graduate student in physics); Carl Heiles (professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley); Timothy Robishaw (graduate student at Berkeley). This research was funded by National Science Foundation.
Water founded on Mars
Phoenix Mars Lander of NASA has recently detected snow fall from Martian Clouds. Soil experiment by this spacecraft has detected interaction between minerals on Mars Surface and liquid water. This new discovery has again raised questions on the presence of water on Mars.
Discovery By Phoenix
This discovery was possible through a large instrument place on Phoenix, which gathers knowledge about the interaction between atmosphere and surface on Mars. This instrument detected that there is snow from clouds at about 4 Kilometers (2.5 miles) above the landing site of Phoenix. However data collected, shows that the snow vaporizing before reaching the surface.
According to Jim Whiteway (Professor of New York University and Lead scientist for the Canadian-supplied Meteorological Station on Phoenix), "It I the first time that such scene is viewed on Mars". Now the scientist are looking for the possibility that snow even reaches to Mars surface.
Other Major Discoveries
Experiment by Phoenix also yielded some other results, like Clues of Calcium Carbonate on Mars surface. Calcium Carbonate is a main composition of Chalk and most important thing is that formation of Calcium Carbonate is possible in the presence of liquid water only.
Peter Smith (Phoenix Principal Investigator of the University of Arizona, Tucson.) says, ""We are still collecting data and have lots of analysis ahead, but we are making good progress on the big questions we set out for ourselves."
Key Aim of Phoenix Mission
The main aim of mission is to find the possibilities of favorable environment on Mars for survival of life. Phoenix landed on Mars surface on May 25, and it has already confirmed that there is a hard subsurface layer at its far northern site which contains water-ice.
Evidence of calcium carbonate in soil samples from trenches dug by the Phoenix robotic arm comes from two laboratory instruments called the Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer, or TEGA, and the wet chemistry laboratory of the Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer, or MECA.
This discovery is a next step in confirming presence of water on Mars surface.
Phoenix Mars Lender
Experiments by TEGA and MECA
Evidence of calcium carbonate in soil samples from mars has been found out by the high temperature carbon di-oxide release while experimenting from TEGA. This temperature at which carbon dioxide releases matches the temperature known to decompose calcium carbonate and release carbon dioxide.
TEGA
The MECA evidence came from a buffering effect characteristic of calcium carbonate assessed in wet chemistry analysis of the soil. The measured concentration of calcium was exactly what would be expected for a solution buffered by calcium carbonate.
MECA
Mission Phoenix Extended
Originally Mission Phoenix was planned for three months duration, but its timeline has been extended and it is in its fifth month right now. But now it is facing decline in solar energy and it is expected that it will stop working before the end of 2008. Now the Phoenix team I trying to activate microphone on lander before power ceases.
Mission Lead and Responsibilities
The Phoenix mission is led by Peter Smith at the University of Arizona. Project management is handled by JPL with development partnership by Lockheed Martin in Denver. It is also getting international contributions Canadian Space Agency; University of Neuchatel, Switzerland;; Universities of Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark; Max Planck Institute, Germany; and Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland.
Discovery By Phoenix
This discovery was possible through a large instrument place on Phoenix, which gathers knowledge about the interaction between atmosphere and surface on Mars. This instrument detected that there is snow from clouds at about 4 Kilometers (2.5 miles) above the landing site of Phoenix. However data collected, shows that the snow vaporizing before reaching the surface.
According to Jim Whiteway (Professor of New York University and Lead scientist for the Canadian-supplied Meteorological Station on Phoenix), "It I the first time that such scene is viewed on Mars". Now the scientist are looking for the possibility that snow even reaches to Mars surface.
Other Major Discoveries
Experiment by Phoenix also yielded some other results, like Clues of Calcium Carbonate on Mars surface. Calcium Carbonate is a main composition of Chalk and most important thing is that formation of Calcium Carbonate is possible in the presence of liquid water only.
Peter Smith (Phoenix Principal Investigator of the University of Arizona, Tucson.) says, ""We are still collecting data and have lots of analysis ahead, but we are making good progress on the big questions we set out for ourselves."
Key Aim of Phoenix Mission
The main aim of mission is to find the possibilities of favorable environment on Mars for survival of life. Phoenix landed on Mars surface on May 25, and it has already confirmed that there is a hard subsurface layer at its far northern site which contains water-ice.
Evidence of calcium carbonate in soil samples from trenches dug by the Phoenix robotic arm comes from two laboratory instruments called the Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer, or TEGA, and the wet chemistry laboratory of the Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer, or MECA.
This discovery is a next step in confirming presence of water on Mars surface.
Phoenix Mars Lender
Experiments by TEGA and MECA
Evidence of calcium carbonate in soil samples from mars has been found out by the high temperature carbon di-oxide release while experimenting from TEGA. This temperature at which carbon dioxide releases matches the temperature known to decompose calcium carbonate and release carbon dioxide.
TEGA
The MECA evidence came from a buffering effect characteristic of calcium carbonate assessed in wet chemistry analysis of the soil. The measured concentration of calcium was exactly what would be expected for a solution buffered by calcium carbonate.
MECA
Mission Phoenix Extended
Originally Mission Phoenix was planned for three months duration, but its timeline has been extended and it is in its fifth month right now. But now it is facing decline in solar energy and it is expected that it will stop working before the end of 2008. Now the Phoenix team I trying to activate microphone on lander before power ceases.
Mission Lead and Responsibilities
The Phoenix mission is led by Peter Smith at the University of Arizona. Project management is handled by JPL with development partnership by Lockheed Martin in Denver. It is also getting international contributions Canadian Space Agency; University of Neuchatel, Switzerland;; Universities of Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark; Max Planck Institute, Germany; and Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland.
Amazing research on Learning of Human Beings
According to a recent research it has been proved that Eight-year-old children have a different learning strategy from twelve-year-olds and adults. While Eight-year-olds learn primarily from positive feedback such as 'Well done!', negative feedback 'Got it wrong this time' hardly effects their learning. Opposite to that Twelve-year-olds are better able to process negative feedback, and can use it to learn from their mistakes. Adults have the same ability but they do it more efficiently.
Cognitive Control in Brain
According to Dr. Eveline Crone, psychologist in Leiden Brain and Cognition Lab "Eight-year-olds respond disproportionately inaccurately to negative feedback. Dr. Crone and her colleagues performed a research named fMRI Research which shows that this difference can be observed particularly in the areas of the brain responsible for cognitive control, located in the Cerebral Cortex.
According to this research it has been demonstrated that, In children of eight and nine, these areas of the brain react strongly to positive feedback and scarcely respond at all to negative feedback. While in children of 12 and 13, and in adults, the opposite is the case. The 'Control Centers' in their brain are more strongly activated by negative feedback and much less by positive feedback.
Unique Three-Way Division
Generally in these types of experiments the comparison is generally made between children and adults. But in this experiment Dr. Crone and her colleagues made three different age groups: Children of 8 to 9 years | Children of 11 to 12 years and adults aged between 18 and 25 years. This three-way division had been made first time in such experiments.
Unexpected Results
Dr. Crone and their team were surprised at the results. According to Dr. Crone 'We had expected that the brains of eight-year-olds would function in exactly the same way as the brains of twelve-year-olds, but maybe not quite so well. Children learn the whole time, so this new knowledge can have major consequences for people wanting to teach children: how can you best relay instructions to eight- and twelve-year-olds?' '
Experiment
In the experiment, the children of both age groups and adults aged 18 to 25 were engaged in a computer task while they lay in the MRI scanner. The task was about to discover rules. If they did this correctly, a tick appeared on the screen, otherwise a cross appeared. During this test MRI scans captured records of which parts of the brain were activated.
Learning From Mistakes Is Difficult
After this experiment Dr. Crone was able to compare the fMRI results with the existing knowledge about child development. It has been known that "Young children respond better to reward than to punishment." Therefore It is sure that, Learning from mistakes is more complex and difficult than carrying on in the same way as before.
Still Some Unanswered Questions
While this experiment is very significant regarding the development of children, there are some unanswered questions till now. Such as "This difference between eight- and twelve-year-olds the result of experience, or does it have to do with the way the brain develops? Some researchers say it a combination of the brain maturing and experience. May be some time in future this questions will be solved by any such research.
Cognitive Control in Brain
According to Dr. Eveline Crone, psychologist in Leiden Brain and Cognition Lab "Eight-year-olds respond disproportionately inaccurately to negative feedback. Dr. Crone and her colleagues performed a research named fMRI Research which shows that this difference can be observed particularly in the areas of the brain responsible for cognitive control, located in the Cerebral Cortex.
According to this research it has been demonstrated that, In children of eight and nine, these areas of the brain react strongly to positive feedback and scarcely respond at all to negative feedback. While in children of 12 and 13, and in adults, the opposite is the case. The 'Control Centers' in their brain are more strongly activated by negative feedback and much less by positive feedback.
Unique Three-Way Division
Generally in these types of experiments the comparison is generally made between children and adults. But in this experiment Dr. Crone and her colleagues made three different age groups: Children of 8 to 9 years | Children of 11 to 12 years and adults aged between 18 and 25 years. This three-way division had been made first time in such experiments.
Unexpected Results
Dr. Crone and their team were surprised at the results. According to Dr. Crone 'We had expected that the brains of eight-year-olds would function in exactly the same way as the brains of twelve-year-olds, but maybe not quite so well. Children learn the whole time, so this new knowledge can have major consequences for people wanting to teach children: how can you best relay instructions to eight- and twelve-year-olds?' '
Experiment
In the experiment, the children of both age groups and adults aged 18 to 25 were engaged in a computer task while they lay in the MRI scanner. The task was about to discover rules. If they did this correctly, a tick appeared on the screen, otherwise a cross appeared. During this test MRI scans captured records of which parts of the brain were activated.
Learning From Mistakes Is Difficult
After this experiment Dr. Crone was able to compare the fMRI results with the existing knowledge about child development. It has been known that "Young children respond better to reward than to punishment." Therefore It is sure that, Learning from mistakes is more complex and difficult than carrying on in the same way as before.
Still Some Unanswered Questions
While this experiment is very significant regarding the development of children, there are some unanswered questions till now. Such as "This difference between eight- and twelve-year-olds the result of experience, or does it have to do with the way the brain develops? Some researchers say it a combination of the brain maturing and experience. May be some time in future this questions will be solved by any such research.
Robot adapted to Surrounding
Robotic Engineers at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group have developed a robot which is capable of adapting to situations so that it can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life and everyday work.
This next generation robot is named as DOMO. Engineers have placed cameras inside robot's eyes which enables it to see and adapt to his surroundings. There are about 29 motors, equipped with computer chips run off a dozen computers that continuously update information.
MOTIVATION BEHIND DOMO
According to Aaron Edsinger, Engineer at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group, the main motivation behind developing DOMO is to develop a system that can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life, everyday work.
Robotic Engineers at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group have developed a robot which is capable of adapting to situations so that it can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life and everyday work.
DOMO can visually sense the surrounding conditions and adapt its functioning according to situations. For example, "it can learn about the size of an object and decide how to place it on a shelf."
HOW IT IS DIFFERENT
Although there are many humanoid robots that are being developed around the world, DOMO is different as it can take the lead and adapt to a situation. Suppose "If the robot drops something in the middle of doing a task, it can stop and try and pick it up again and start over."
This amazing quality makes it more helpful for human assistance.
HOW DOMO WORKS
1) Domo can see everything with the help of its large blue eyes that are equipped with powerful cameras that scan the entire surrounding.
2) These cameras then feed visual information to 12 computers that are used to analyze the input and decide the focusing point. This is a very important step, because for a robot to function in a real-world human environment, such as a kitchen, it must be able to ignore clutter and focus only on certain stimuli.
3) The visual system of DOMO is attuned to unexpected motion. For instance, locating human faces is critical for social interaction and people are often in motion.
4) When DOMO spots a motion that looks like a face, it locks its gaze onto it. Once Domo's gaze is captured, the human can issue verbal commands such as "to find a shelf".
5) The robot will scan the room for a shelf and then reach out a hand to touch the object to make sure it is really there.
6) If an object is then placed in its hand -- such as a bag of coffee beans -- the robot will reach up and place the object on the shelf.
adapting to situations so that it can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life and everyday work.
This next generation robot is named as DOMO. Engineers have placed cameras inside robot's eyes which enables it to see and adapt to his surroundings. There are about 29 motors, equipped with computer chips run off a dozen computers that continuously update information.
MOTIVATION BEHIND DOMO
According to Aaron Edsinger, Engineer at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group, the main motivation behind developing DOMO is to develop a system that can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life, everyday work.
Robotic Engineers at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group have developed a robot which is capable of adapting to situations so that it can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life and everyday work.
IT CAN ALSO FEEL WEIGHT
DOMO can also observe the size and weight of any object that is placed in its hand. For this, DOMO wiggles it a little. This movement is very minor but is very important for the robot's ability, which helps it to accurately place it on the shelf. DOMO is programmed such that it can learn about the size of an object by focusing on its tip, such as the cap of a water bottle. When the robot wiggles the tip back and forth, it can figure out how big the bottle is and can decide how to transfer it from hand to hand, or to place it on a shelf.
Domo can also sense when a human is touching it, thanks to springs in its arms, hands and neck that can sense force and response to it. If too much force is applied, the robot will voice its displeasure by saying..... "ouch!"
This next generation robot is named as DOMO. Engineers have placed cameras inside robot's eyes which enables it to see and adapt to his surroundings. There are about 29 motors, equipped with computer chips run off a dozen computers that continuously update information.
MOTIVATION BEHIND DOMO
According to Aaron Edsinger, Engineer at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group, the main motivation behind developing DOMO is to develop a system that can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life, everyday work.
Robotic Engineers at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group have developed a robot which is capable of adapting to situations so that it can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life and everyday work.
DOMO can visually sense the surrounding conditions and adapt its functioning according to situations. For example, "it can learn about the size of an object and decide how to place it on a shelf."
HOW IT IS DIFFERENT
Although there are many humanoid robots that are being developed around the world, DOMO is different as it can take the lead and adapt to a situation. Suppose "If the robot drops something in the middle of doing a task, it can stop and try and pick it up again and start over."
This amazing quality makes it more helpful for human assistance.
HOW DOMO WORKS
1) Domo can see everything with the help of its large blue eyes that are equipped with powerful cameras that scan the entire surrounding.
2) These cameras then feed visual information to 12 computers that are used to analyze the input and decide the focusing point. This is a very important step, because for a robot to function in a real-world human environment, such as a kitchen, it must be able to ignore clutter and focus only on certain stimuli.
3) The visual system of DOMO is attuned to unexpected motion. For instance, locating human faces is critical for social interaction and people are often in motion.
4) When DOMO spots a motion that looks like a face, it locks its gaze onto it. Once Domo's gaze is captured, the human can issue verbal commands such as "to find a shelf".
5) The robot will scan the room for a shelf and then reach out a hand to touch the object to make sure it is really there.
6) If an object is then placed in its hand -- such as a bag of coffee beans -- the robot will reach up and place the object on the shelf.
adapting to situations so that it can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life and everyday work.
This next generation robot is named as DOMO. Engineers have placed cameras inside robot's eyes which enables it to see and adapt to his surroundings. There are about 29 motors, equipped with computer chips run off a dozen computers that continuously update information.
MOTIVATION BEHIND DOMO
According to Aaron Edsinger, Engineer at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group, the main motivation behind developing DOMO is to develop a system that can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life, everyday work.
Robotic Engineers at MIT Humanoid Robotics Group have developed a robot which is capable of adapting to situations so that it can assist people with everyday chores, everyday life and everyday work.
IT CAN ALSO FEEL WEIGHT
DOMO can also observe the size and weight of any object that is placed in its hand. For this, DOMO wiggles it a little. This movement is very minor but is very important for the robot's ability, which helps it to accurately place it on the shelf. DOMO is programmed such that it can learn about the size of an object by focusing on its tip, such as the cap of a water bottle. When the robot wiggles the tip back and forth, it can figure out how big the bottle is and can decide how to transfer it from hand to hand, or to place it on a shelf.
Domo can also sense when a human is touching it, thanks to springs in its arms, hands and neck that can sense force and response to it. If too much force is applied, the robot will voice its displeasure by saying..... "ouch!"
NEXI - Robot with facial expressions
A latest invention by MIT Media Lab is a new robot that is able to show various facial expressions such as 'slanting its eyebrows in anger', or 'raise them in surprise', and show a wide assortment of facial expressions while communicating with people.
This latest achievement in the field of Robotics is named NEXI as it is framed as the next generation robots which is aimed for a range of applications for personal robots and human-robot teamwork.
DESIGNING
The head and face of NEXI were designed by Xitome Design which is a innovative designing and development company that specializes in robotic design and development. The expressive robotics started with a neck mechanism sporting 4 degrees of freedom (DoF) at the base, plus pan-tilt-yaw of the head itself. The mechanism has been constructed to time the movements so they mimic human speed. The face of NEXI has been specially designed to use gaze, eyebrows, eyelids and an articulate mandible which helps in expressing a wide range of different emotions.
The chassis of NEXI is also advanced. It has been developed by the Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics UMASS (University of Massachusetts), Amherst. This chassis is based on the uBot5 mobile manipulator. The mobile base can balance dynamically on two wheels. The arms of NEXI can pick up a weight of up to 10 pounds and the plastic covering of the chassis can detect any kind of human touch.
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: HEAD OF THE PROJECT
This project was headed by Media Lab's Cynthia Breazeal, a well known robotics expert famous for earlier expressive robots such as Kismet. She is an Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the MIT. She named her new product as an MDS (mobile, dextrous, social) robot.
FEATURES OF NEXI
Except a wide range of facial expressions, Nexi has many other features. It has self-balancing wheels like the Segway transporter, to ultimately ride on. Currently it uses an additional set of supportive wheels to operate as a statically stable platform in its early stage of development. It has hands which can be used to manipulate objects, eyes (video cameras), ears (an array of microphones), and a 3-D infrared camera and laser rangefinder which support real-time tracking of objects, people and voices as well as indoor navigation.
Black Hole Mystery Solved
This latest achievement in the field of Robotics is named NEXI as it is framed as the next generation robots which is aimed for a range of applications for personal robots and human-robot teamwork.
DESIGNING
The head and face of NEXI were designed by Xitome Design which is a innovative designing and development company that specializes in robotic design and development. The expressive robotics started with a neck mechanism sporting 4 degrees of freedom (DoF) at the base, plus pan-tilt-yaw of the head itself. The mechanism has been constructed to time the movements so they mimic human speed. The face of NEXI has been specially designed to use gaze, eyebrows, eyelids and an articulate mandible which helps in expressing a wide range of different emotions.
The chassis of NEXI is also advanced. It has been developed by the Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics UMASS (University of Massachusetts), Amherst. This chassis is based on the uBot5 mobile manipulator. The mobile base can balance dynamically on two wheels. The arms of NEXI can pick up a weight of up to 10 pounds and the plastic covering of the chassis can detect any kind of human touch.
CYNTHIA BREAZEAL: HEAD OF THE PROJECT
This project was headed by Media Lab's Cynthia Breazeal, a well known robotics expert famous for earlier expressive robots such as Kismet. She is an Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences at the MIT. She named her new product as an MDS (mobile, dextrous, social) robot.
FEATURES OF NEXI
Except a wide range of facial expressions, Nexi has many other features. It has self-balancing wheels like the Segway transporter, to ultimately ride on. Currently it uses an additional set of supportive wheels to operate as a statically stable platform in its early stage of development. It has hands which can be used to manipulate objects, eyes (video cameras), ears (an array of microphones), and a 3-D infrared camera and laser rangefinder which support real-time tracking of objects, people and voices as well as indoor navigation.
Black Hole Mystery Solved
4G Technology
Fourth Generation (4G) mobiles
4G also called as Fourth-Generation Communications System, is a term used to describe the next step in wireless communications. A 4G system can provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis. The data transfer rates are also much higher than previous generations.
The main objectives of 4G are:
1)4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.
2)This will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors.
3)It can provide premium quality and high security.
4)4G offer all types of services at an affordable cost.
4G is developed to provide high quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications such as wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging, Video Chat, Mobile TV, High definition TV content, DVB, minimal service like voice and data, and other streaming services.
4G technology allow high-quality smooth video transmission. It will enable fast downloading of full-length songs or music pieces in real time.
The business and popularity of 4Gmobiles is predicted to be very vast. On an average, by 2009, this 4Gmobile market will be over $400B and it will dominate the wireless communications, and its converged system will replace most conventional wireless infrastructure.
Data Rates For 4G:
The downloading speed for mobile Internet connections is from 9.6 kbit/s for 2G cellular at present. However, in actual use the data rates are usually slower, especially in crowded areas, or when there is congestion in network.
4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second which means that it will be about 10-20 times faster than standard ASDL services.
In terms of connection seeds, 4G will be about 200 times faster than present 2G mobile data rates, and about 10 times faster than 3G broadband mobile. 3G data rates are currently 2Mbit/sec, which is very fast compared to 2G's 9.6Kbit/sec.
4G also called as Fourth-Generation Communications System, is a term used to describe the next step in wireless communications. A 4G system can provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis. The data transfer rates are also much higher than previous generations.
The main objectives of 4G are:
1)4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.
2)This will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors.
3)It can provide premium quality and high security.
4)4G offer all types of services at an affordable cost.
4G is developed to provide high quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications such as wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging, Video Chat, Mobile TV, High definition TV content, DVB, minimal service like voice and data, and other streaming services.
4G technology allow high-quality smooth video transmission. It will enable fast downloading of full-length songs or music pieces in real time.
The business and popularity of 4Gmobiles is predicted to be very vast. On an average, by 2009, this 4Gmobile market will be over $400B and it will dominate the wireless communications, and its converged system will replace most conventional wireless infrastructure.
Data Rates For 4G:
The downloading speed for mobile Internet connections is from 9.6 kbit/s for 2G cellular at present. However, in actual use the data rates are usually slower, especially in crowded areas, or when there is congestion in network.
4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second which means that it will be about 10-20 times faster than standard ASDL services.
In terms of connection seeds, 4G will be about 200 times faster than present 2G mobile data rates, and about 10 times faster than 3G broadband mobile. 3G data rates are currently 2Mbit/sec, which is very fast compared to 2G's 9.6Kbit/sec.
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